The document discusses different types of tree data structures, focusing on binary trees. It defines a binary tree recursively as a finite set of elements that is either empty or partitioned into three disjoint subsets containing a single root element and left and right subtrees. The document outlines common binary tree terminology like nodes, parents, descendants, and levels. It also describes complete binary trees where all levels are fully filled except the lowest, which has nodes filled from left to right.
Slides cover definition of tree data structure with examples, related terminologies, accessors methods, query methods, generic methods, traversal algorithms (preorder, postorder, inorder) traversal, Binary tree, Binary tree implementation using linked list and array, Binary search
This Presentation will Clear the idea of non linear Data Structure and implementation of Tree by using array and pointer and also Explain the concept of Binary Search Tree (BST) with example
Slides cover definition of tree data structure with examples, related terminologies, accessors methods, query methods, generic methods, traversal algorithms (preorder, postorder, inorder) traversal, Binary tree, Binary tree implementation using linked list and array, Binary search
This Presentation will Clear the idea of non linear Data Structure and implementation of Tree by using array and pointer and also Explain the concept of Binary Search Tree (BST) with example
This presentation is useful to study about data structure and topic is Binary Tree Traversal. This is also useful to make a presentation about Binary Tree Traversal.
OVERVIEW:
Introduction
Definition
Example of Threaded BT.
Types & Structure
One-way .
Double-way.
Structure.
Traversal
Algorithm for Traversal
Traversal Example
Inserting
Algorithm for Inserting
Inserting Example
Comparison With Binary Tree
Advantages and Disadvantages
Why Threaded BT are used?
Conclusion
Reference
This presentation is useful to study about data structure and topic is Binary Tree Traversal. This is also useful to make a presentation about Binary Tree Traversal.
OVERVIEW:
Introduction
Definition
Example of Threaded BT.
Types & Structure
One-way .
Double-way.
Structure.
Traversal
Algorithm for Traversal
Traversal Example
Inserting
Algorithm for Inserting
Inserting Example
Comparison With Binary Tree
Advantages and Disadvantages
Why Threaded BT are used?
Conclusion
Reference
Union is clearly a constant time operation. Running time of find(i) is proportional to the height of the tree containing node i.If unions are done by weight (size), the depth of any element is never greater than log2n.
Tree and Binary search tree in data structure.
The complete explanation of working of trees and Binary Search Tree is given. It is discussed such a way that everyone can easily understand it. Trees have great role in the data structures.
Write a program in Java to implement the ADT Binary Tree part of who.docxrochellwa9f
Write a program in Java to implement the ADT Binary Tree part of whose definition is given below. You are also to write a driver program that demonstrates the correctness of your implementation by way of taking a series of commands from a text file and carrying them out. In each binary tree that you will deal with, the values are distinct (i.e. there are no duplicates).
Note: Code for binary tree that I discussed in class is available on Isidore. Feel free to use it but you will assume responsibility for the correctness.
The ADT Binary Tree
The only (private) data member you can use is root, as given below. However, feel free to use as many private member functions as you need.
/* Class BinaryTree */
public class BinaryTree> {
/* Class BinaryNode */
static private class BinaryNode> {
T
BinaryNode
BinaryNode
element; // data part
left; // left child
right; // right child
// Add appropriate constructors for BinaryNode
} // end of BinaryNode
private BinaryNode root; // root of the tree
private final int LCHILD = 1; // constant for left child
private final int RCHILD = 2; // constant for right child
// constructor for BinaryTree
public BinaryTree() {
root = null; // construct an empty tree
}
// Below are the methods that you must implement
//
// Create a tree with the given item as the root with its
// subtrees being empty.
// Post: Previous value of the tree is lost.
//
public void insertRoot (T item)
// If node containing parent exists, and if the specified // child is absent, create the specified child of parent // with item as data element and return true; otherwise
// return false.
//
// Pre: data items in the tree are distinct, i.e., no
duplicates.
// item, if it can be successfully inserted, is
different from
// each value in the tree.
// Post: if insertion were successful, item is the specified
child of
// parent.
// Parameters:
// item: data item to be inserted
// parent: data item of the potential parent // child == 1 => item is to be inserted as left
child of parent
// child == 2 => item is to be inserted as right
child of parent
// Return Value:
// true, if insertion succeeded, and false
otherwise.
public boolean insertItem (T item, T parent, int child)
// Print the tree contents in inorder to the stream
// associated with the printwriter output
public void printTree(PrintWriter output)
// Returns true if val1 exists, val2 exists, and they are
// siblings; otherwise, returns false
public boolean siblings (T val1, T val2)
// print to the given printwriter the frontier of the tree, // i.e., all the leaves in a "right to left reading of the // leaves” order; consecutive items are separated by a space public void printFrontier (PrintWriter output)
// delete subtree rooted at item, if item is present;
// otherwise, tree remains unchanged
public void deleteSubtree (T item)
// Post: if item is present, returns refer.
Algorithm to convert postfix expression into an expression tree. We already have an expression to convert an infix expression to postfix. Read a symbol from the postfix expression. If symbol is an operand, put it in a one node tree and push it on a stack
Please i need help on following program using C++ Language.Add the.pdfezzi552
Instructions write a c program to solve the following problem. Upload your source code file to
Canvas. The file name must be of the form hwloop your name.c Substitute your first and last
name for \"your name\" in the file name. Example: Student\'s name is Sparky Watts. The file
name is hwloop sparky watts.c Problem Statement create a program that calculates twelve
month\'s interest and principle loan balance. Your program will ask the user for the starting
principle balance, annual interest rate, and monthly payment amount. Your program will verify
the input is reasonable, as described in the Error checking section below. After obtaining
reasonable the program will process 12 months of payments. The will show the accrued interest
and updated loan balance after each month\'s payment. The total interest paid and total payment
amounts for the 12 month period will also be calculated and displayed. Your program output
should resemble the output below. AUsers williidialDesktoplhw04MbinlDebuglhw04.exe Enter
loan anount: 32000.00 Enter annual interest rate 7.99 Enter monthly payment 752.84
Solution
#include
#include
int main()
{
double loan_amount = 0;
printf(\"Enter loan amount :\");
if (scanf(\"%lf\", &loan_amount) != 1)
{
printf(\"Please enter loan amount correctly\ \");
return -1;
}
if (loan_amount < 500)
{
printf(\"Loan amount should be greater than 500\ \");
return 1;
}
if (loan_amount > 100000)
{
printf(\"Loan amount should be less than 100000\ \");
return -1;
}
printf(\"Enter annual interest rate: \");
double interest_rate;
if (scanf(\"%lf\", &interest_rate) != 1)
{
printf(\"Please enter interest rate correctly\ \");
return -1;
}
if (interest_rate < 0 || interest_rate > 8.99)
{
printf(\"Interest rate should be in range of 0 to 8.99\ \");
return -1;
}
double monthly_payments;
printf(\"Enter monthly payment: \");
if (scanf(\"%lf\", &monthly_payments) != 1)
{
printf(\"Please monthly payment correctly\ \");
return -1;
}
double first_month_interest = (loan_amount * interest_rate)/(12*100);
if (monthly_payments < first_month_interest)
{
printf(\"Monthly payment should be greater than %f\ \", first_month_interest);
return -1;
}
double total_interest = 0;
double total_paid = 0;
printf(\"\ \");
printf(\"Begin \\t\\t\\t\\tMonthly\\tEnd\ \");
printf(\"Loan\\t\\tAccured\\t\\tPayment\\tLoan\ \");
printf(\"Balance\\t\\tInterest\\tAmount\\tBalance\ \");
printf(\"\ \");
int i;
for(i = 0; i <= 12; i++)
{
printf(\"%0.2f\\t\", loan_amount);
double interest = (loan_amount*interest_rate)/(1200);
printf(\"%0.2f\\t\\t\", interest);
printf(\"%0.2f\\t\", monthly_payments);
loan_amount = loan_amount + interest;
if (loan_amount < monthly_payments)
{
total_paid -= loan_amount;
loan_amount = 0;
printf(\"%0.2f\ \", loan_amount);
break;
}
else
{
loan_amount -= monthly_payments;
total_paid += monthly_payments;
}
printf(\"%0.2f\ \", loan_amount);
total_interest += interest;
}
printf(\"\ \");
printf(\"Annual total\\t%.2f\\t\\t%.2f\ \", total_interest, total_paid);
return 0;
}.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
5. Priority Queue int insert(Event* e) { if( !full() ) { rear = rear+1; nodes[rear] = e; size = size + 1; sortElements(); // in ascending order return 1; } cout << "insert queue is full." << endl; return 0; }; int length() { return size; }; }; http://ecomputernotes.com
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. Binary Tree A B D H C E F G I Left subtree root Right subtree http://ecomputernotes.com
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19. Binary Tree: Terminology A B D H C E F G I parent Left descendant Right descendant Leaf nodes Leaf nodes http://ecomputernotes.com
20.
21.
22. Level of a Binary Tree Node A B D H C E F G I 1 0 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 Level 0 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 http://ecomputernotes.com
23.
24. Complete Binary Tree A B Level 0: 2 0 nodes H D I E J K C L F M G N O Level 1: 2 1 nodes Level 2: 2 2 nodes Level 3: 2 3 nodes http://ecomputernotes.com
